Purification technologies, plainly explained
Each stage in a purifier addresses a different aspect of water quality, and combinations exist because most real supplies are mixed.
- RO: uses a membrane under pressure to reduce dissolved solids; suited to higher-TDS supply such as borewell water
- UV: treats water with ultraviolet light in the flow path; often paired with RO in mixed supplies
- UF: a physical filtration stage that works without electricity and is used alongside other stages
- TDS controller: blends a controlled portion of pre-RO water back in so the output is not excessively demineralised
- Alkaline and copper cartridges: additional post-RO stages offered by manufacturers on certain models



